a / an
· a and some
· a / an and the
about
above
active and passive *
across
adjectives
· adjective and adverbs
· quick / quickly
· comparative (older / more expensive)
· superlatives ( the oldest / the most expensive )
· get + adjective ( get tired … )
· possessive adjectives (my / your / her … )
· something / anybody etc. + adjective
· adjectives + preposition (afraid of …)
adverbs
· word order (always / usually / often ….)
advise (advise somebody to … )
afraid (of )
after
ago
all
· all and every
· all (of )
· word order
along
already
· already + present perfect
· word order
also (word order )
always
· always + present simple
· word order
am / is / are
· am / is / are –ing (present continuous )
· there is / there are
an see a
and
angry (with / about )
another
any
· any and some
· not + any
· any and no
· any ( of )
anybody / anyone / anything
anywhere
apostrophe (I'm, it's )
apostrophe's ( my brother's car ) *
are see am/ is /are
around *
arrive
articles (a /an/ the)
· a / an
· a / an and the
· the
as (not as … as)
ask
· ask somebody to …
· ask somebody for…
at
· at 8 clock / at night
· at the bus stop / at work
· at and to
· at the age of …
auxiliary verbs
away
· run away / throw away (phrasal verbs)
back
· come back / give back ( phrasal verbs) *
be (infinitive of am / is / are )
· am / is / are 1-2
· am / is / are + -ing (present continuous)
· was / were
· was / were + -ing (past continuous)
· have / has been ( present perfect )
· passive *
· will be
because
been
· have / has been (present perfect )
· been and gone
· there has / have been
before
begin
behind
belong (to)
below
beside
best
better
between
bit ( a bit older / bigger )
born
both
word order
but
by
· by after the passive ( I was bitten by a dog.)
· by myself / by yourself etc.
· by ( = beside )
can / can't
comparative ( older / more expensive )
conditional ( if … )
· if I do …
· if I did …
conjunctions
and / but / or / so / because / when / before / while / after / until / if
continue ( continue to … or continue –ing )
contractions ( short forms – I'm, it's, you've ) *
could / couldn't
countable and uncountable nouns
depend (on )
did
· didn't in negative
· did in questions
different (from )
direct speech and reported speech
do
· don't / doesn't in negatives
· do / does in questions
down
sit down / put down (phrasal verbs) appendix 6-7
during
each other
either
· either and too
· either (of)
embedded questions ( Do you know what … ? etc. )
end ( at the end of )
enjoy
· enjoy –ing
· enjoy myself / yourself
enough
· enough and too
ever
· Have you ever … ?
· superlative +ever
· word order
every
everybody / everyone / everything / everywhere
expect
far
· How far is it?
· far à further
fast
fed up (with )
few / a few
finish ( finish –ing )
for
· for ten minutes / for three years etc.
· for and too …
· go for a walk
· for and during
from
front
full (of)
further
future
· I'm working tomorrow (present continuous)
· The concert starts at 7.30. (present simple )
· (I'm) going to ( do something )
· will
· shall
· further after when / before / while
· further after if
geographical names with and without the
gerund see –ing
get
get to ( a place )
get on / get up etc. (phrasal verbs ) *
give
give something to somebody / give somebody something
give up / give back (phrasal verbs ) *
go
· go –ing ( go swimming )
· go home / go to work / go to the cinema
· go in / go back etc. (phrasal verbs)
going to ( I'm going to do something)
gone and been
good
· good and well
· good at
got
past of get
have / has got
had
· past of have
· had to
· He said he had (done something ) *
happen ( to)
hard
has see have
hate
have
· have got / has got
· have done / have been (present perfect )
· have to
· there has / have been
· have breakfast / have a shower
her
hers
herself
him
himself
his
holiday (on holiday)
home
· get home
how
· How long have you …. ? present perfect )
· how big? / how old ? how far?
· How long does it takes ?
· how much / how many?
I / you / he / she ( personal pronouns)
if we go / if you see
if and when
if I had / if we went
Do you know of ….?
in
· in April / in summer
· in a room / in hospital
· in five minutes
· in three years
· in and to
· put something in
· go in / fill in (phrasal verbs ) *
infinitive ( do / see / play )
· infinitive ( do / see ) and to + infinitive ( to do / to see )
· can will / should + infinitive
· verbs + to + infinitive ( I want to go )
· infinitive and –ing ( do / doing )
· I went to the shop to buy … ( infinitive for purpose )
· infinitive and for …
· adjective + infinitive ( it’s easy to … )
· something to eat / nowhere to go
-ing ( doing / playing / going )
· am / is / are + ing ( present continuous )
· was / were + -ing (past continuous)
· -ing and infinitive ( do / doing )
· verbs + -ing (enjoy –ing )
· go –ing ( go swimming )
· prepositions + -ing
interested (in )
into
irregular verbs *
is see am / is / are
it
· it is and there is
· it's and its
its
just
· just + present perfect
· word order
kind ( kind to something / kind of / somebody )
know ( Do you know where … ? )
learn ( learn to … )
left ( on the left )
lend (lend something to somebody)
less
let
like ( what is it like ?)
like (verb )
· would like
· do you like ? and would you like ?
· like to … or like –ing
listen (to )
little / a little
look
· look + adjectives ( look tired )
· look at / for / after
lot ( a lot of …)
love
make
· make somebody do something
· make and do
many
· many and much
· not as many as
· too many
married
· married to
· get married
may
me / you / him (personal pronouns)
middle ( in the middle of)
might
mind ( I don't mind –ing )
mine / yours / hers ( possessive pronouns)
model verbs ( will / can / might )
more
most
· most (of )
· the most expensive / the most difficult
much
· much and many
· much bigger / much more expensive
· mot as much ( as )
· too much
must
· mustn't
· must and should
· must and have to
my / yours / his ( possessive adjectives )
myself / yourself (reflexive pronouns)
need
· needn't
· need to …
negatives
· negative questions
· no and none
· not + any
neither
· Neither am I / Neither do I
· neither ( of )
never
· never + present simple
· never + present perfect
· word order
next to
nice ( nice to somebody / nice of somebody )
no ( no money / no friends )
nobody / no-one / nothing
no-one and none
none
nor ( Not am I / Not do I )
nouns ( countable and uncountable )
nowhere
of
· the roof of the building
· the … of …
off
get off / turn off etc. ( phrasal verbs ) *
offer ( to do something )
often
· often + present simple
· word order
on
· on Monday / on 25 April
· on the table / on the wall
· on the left / right
· on holiday / on television
· go on (holiday / a trip )
· get on / put on (phrasal verbs ) *
one / ones
opposite
or
ought to
our
ours
ourselves
out
· out of
· go out / put out (phrasal verbs ) *
over
· climb over / knock over (phrasal verbs ) *
pair ( a pair of …)
· passive * present simple (is done ) and past simple ( was done )
· present continuous ( is being done ) and present perfect ( has been done )
· will / can / must be done *
past (preposition )
· past ( continuous ) (was / were + -ing )
· past continuous ( I was doing ) and past simple ( I did )
· past continuous passive *
past participle ( cleaned / done / seen )
· present perfect ( I have cleaned )
· passive (the room was cleaned ) App. 1
· regular ( cleaned ) and irregular ( seen ) *
past perfect
· He said he had ( done something )
· active and passive *
past simple (did / cleaned / saw )
· negative ( didn't … )
· questions ( did …? )
· was / were
· regular ( cleaned ) and irregular verbs (saw )
· past simple + ago
· past simple ( I did ) and present perfect ( I have done )
· past simple ( I did ) and past continuous ( I was doing )
· past simple passive ( the room was cleaned ) app. 1.1
· if + past simple ( if I had / if we went )
people
personal pronouns ( I / me / you )
persuade ( persuade somebody to … )
phrasal verbs ( get up / put on ) Appned. 6-7
plural ( cup à cups / man à men )
police ( plural )
possessive adjectives ( my / your / his )
possessive pronouns ( mine /yours / his )
prefer
prepositions
· at / on / in ( time )
· for / since
· until
· before / after / during / while
· in / at / on ( places )
· to / in / at ( places )
· on
· at
· under / behind / opposite ( position )
· up / over / through (movement )
· by
· with / without
· about
· prepositions + -ing ( in –ing / without –ing etc. )
· adjective + prepositions ( afraid of )
· verb + preposition ( listen to / wait for )
· prepositions at the end ( Who is she talking to ? )
· prepositions in relatives clauses ( the man she is talking to )
present continuous ( am / is / are + -ing )
· negative ( I'm not –ing)
· questions ( are you –ing?)
· present continuous ( I am doing ) and present simple ( I do )
· present continuous passive *
· present continuous for the future ( What are you doing tomorrow? )
present perfect ( I have done )
· present perfect + just
· present perfect + already
· present perfect + yet
· Have you ever ….?
· gone and been
· How long have you …. ?
· present perfect + for / since
· present perfect continuous ( I have been –ing )
· present perfect ( I have done ) and past simple ( I did )
· present perfect passive *
· regular and irregular verbs *
present simple ( I work / she works )
· negative (don't / doesn't )
· questions ( do / does … ? )
· present simple+ always / usually / never
· present simple ( I do ) and present continuous ( I am doing )
· present simple passive ( the room is cleaned ) *
· present simple for the future ( The concert starts at 7.30.)
· present simple after when / while
· present simple after if
promise ( promise to … )
pronouns
· personal pronouns ( I /me / you etc.)
· possessive pronouns ( mine / yours )
· reflexive pronouns ( myself /yourself)
· one / ones
· relative pronouns ( who / which / that )
put
· put something in …
· put on / put out ( phrasal verbs ) *
questions
· am /is / are …?
· do / does …? (present simple)
· did …? (past simple )
· why don't …? why isn't …?
· who saw you ? Who did you see?
· preposition at the end ( Who is the talking to ? )
· What / Which / How …?
· How long does it take ?
· Do you know where …? (embedded questions )
· reply questions ( How you? Are you? )
· questions tags ( .. do you? / .. isn't it ? )
reflexive pronouns ( myself / yourself )
regular and irregular verbs 11, App. 2-3
relative clauses
relative pronouns ( who / which / that )
replay questions ( Have you? Are you? )
reported speech
· He said that … / He told me that…
· He told me to ….
right ( on the right)
round
· turn round / show round ( phrasal verbs ) *
's ( apostrophe 's ) App. 4.5
same
say / said
· He said that … ( reported speech)
· say and tell
shall
short forms (I'm / it's / you've ) Appendix 4
should
simple past see past simple
simple present see present simple
since
singular and plural ( flower à flowers )
so
· so am I / so do I etc.
· I was tired, so I went to bed
some
· some and a/an
· some and any
· some ( of )
somebody / someone / something / somewhere
sometimes
· sometimes + present simple
· word order
sorry (sorry about and sorry for )
speak ( to )
spelling Appendix 5
start ( start to … and start –ing )
still
· word order
stop ( stop –ing )
suggest ( suggest –ing)
superlative ( the biggest / the most expensive etc.)
tags ( question tags )
take ( How long does it take?)
talk ( to )
tell / told
· He told me that …
· tell and say
· can you tell me where …?
· How told me to …
tenses
active and passive *
· present continuous ( I am doing)
· present simple ( I do )
· past simple ( I did )
· past continuous ( I was doing )
· present perfect ( I have done)
· be / have / do in present and past tense
than
that
· He said that … (reported speech )
· that and this
· a thing that … ( relative clause )
the
· the and a/an
· the same
· the sun
· the cinema / the theatre / the bank
· flowers / the flowers
· the in names of places
· the biggest / the most expensive
their
theirs
them
themselves
there
· there is / are
· there was / were
· there has / have been
· three will be
· there is and it is
these
think( think about / think of )
this
those
through
till
to
· time
· places
· go to …
· get to …
to + infinitive ( to go / to be ) see the infinitive
too
too and either
turn ( turn round / turn on )
· ( phrasal verbs ) *
uncountable nouns
· ( salt / water / music )
under
until
up
· get up / pick up ( phrasal verbs) *
us
used ( I used to … )
usually
· usually + present simple
· word order
verbs
· present tenses
· past tense
· present perfect
· passive , Appendix 1
· regular and irregular verbs *
· future
· model verbs ( will / can / should )
· negatives
· questions
· reported speech
· verbs + -ing
· verbs + to … ( infinitive )
· verbs + preposition ( look at / speak to )
· phrasal verbs ( get up / put on ) *
wait ( for )
want
· want to …
· want somebody to ….
was / were
· was / were + -ing (past continuous)
· was / were done (passive)
· there was / were
· if I was / were …
well
were see was
what
· what … ? and who …?
· What … like?
· What …?
· What …? and Which … ?
when
· when and if
whether
which
· Which ….?
· Which … ? and What …?
· Which one / ones?
· a thing which … (relative clauses)
while
who
· who …?
· a person who … ( relative clauses )
·
whose (whose is this?)
will
· will and shall
· won’t
· there will be
with / without
· with / without + -ing
won't ( =will not)
word order
· questions
· present continuous questions
· present simple questions
· past simple questions
· passive
· Do you know where …? (embedded questions )
· verb + object
· place and time
· always / usually / often
· after give / lend /send
worse
worst
would
· I'd like / would you like?
· would like / love
· He would buy a car if he had the money
write (to)
yet + present perfect
you
your
yours
yourself / yourselves
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